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Résumé:

Translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) leads to the production of proteins and is the last step of gene expression in cells. The dysregulation of translation can lead to all illnesses linked to the dysregulation of protein production, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.About ten years ago, a ribosomal density mapping strategy (Ribo-seq) was developed. The time is therefore ripe to apply theoretical physicsmethods to study translation. We model the movement of ribosomes on mRNA using the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (TASEP) which is an out of equilibrium one dimensional directed transport model. With Monte Carlo simulations and a mean field approach, we propose a way to calculate the speed of ribosomes from experimental data. Moreover, we provide preliminary results concerning the correlation between the speed of ribosomes and the occurrence rate of codons (RSCU).