Ref HAL: hal-03475907_v1
DOI: 10.1039/D1SM01450A
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Both an experimental and a theoretical investigation of the fracture propagation mechanisms acting at the process zone scale in glassy polymers are presented. The main aim is to establish a common modeling for different kinds of glassy polymers presenting either steady-state fracture propagation or stick-slip fracture propagation or both, depending on loading conditions and sample shape. On the experimental point of view, new insights are provided by in-situ AFM measurements of the viscoplastic strain fields acting within the micrometric process zone in a brittle epoxy resin, which highlight an extremely slow unexpected steadystate regime with finite plastic strains of about 30% around a blunt crack tip, and accompanied by propagating shear lips. On the theoretical point of view, we apply to glassy polymers some recently developed models for describing soft dissipative fracture that are pertinent with the observed finite strains. We propose a unified modeling of the fracture energy for both the steady-state and stick-slip fracture propagation based on the evaluation of the energy dissipation density at a characteristic strain rate induced in the process zone by the competition between the crack propagation velocity and the macroscopic sample loading rate.

Ref HAL: hal-03454983_v1
Ref Arxiv: 2111.07319
Ref INSPIRE: 1968869
DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2022/01/052
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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Bouncing non-singular isotropic cosmological solutions are investigated in a simple model of scalar-tensor gravity. New families of such solutions are found and their properties are presented and analyzed using an effective potential as the main tool. Bouncing solutions are shown to exist for a Higgs-like self-interaction potential which is bounded from below, in contrast to previous solutions that appeared in the literature based on potentials which were unbounded from below. In the simplest version of a scalar field with the quartic potential and conformal coupling to gravity, bouncing spatially flat solutions either have the Hubble function diverging in the past before the bounce, but with a well-behaved future, or are globally regular but unstable with respect to anisotropic or inhomogeneous perturbations at some finite values of the scalar field and curvature. Regular solutions can only exist in the part of the parameter space where the maximum of the effective potential is larger than the first zero of the potential, and gravity becomes repulsive at the bounce.

Ref HAL: hal-03884373_v2
Ref Arxiv: 2109.06138
DOI: 10.1038/s41535-022-00448-4
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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Abstract Multi-orbital physics in quasi-two-dimensional electron gases (q2DEGs) triggers intriguing phenomena not observed in bulk materials, such as unconventional superconductivity and magnetism. Here, we investigate the mechanism of orbital selective switching of the spin-polarization in the oxide q2DEG formed at the (001) interface between the LaAlO 3 , EuTiO 3 and SrTiO 3 band insulators. By using density functional theory calculations, transport, magnetic and x-ray spectroscopy measurements, we find that the filling of titanium-bands with 3d xz /3d yz orbital character in the EuTiO 3 layer and at the interface with SrTiO 3 induces an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic switching of the exchange interaction between Eu-4f 7 magnetic moments. The results explain the observation of the carrier density-dependent ferromagnetic correlations and anomalous Hall effect in this q2DEG, and demonstrate how combined theoretical and experimental approaches can lead to a deeper understanding of emerging electronic phases and serve as a guide for the materials design of advanced electronic applications.

Ref HAL: hal-03410948_v1
Ref Arxiv: 2110.09126
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.115041
WoS: WOS:000822568800005
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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New physics in the lepton sector may account for neutrino masses, affect electroweak precision observables, induce charged-lepton flavour violation, and shift dipole moments. The low-energy predictions of different models are most conveniently compared within the formalism of effective field theory. To illustrate the benefits of this approach, we derive the Wilson coefficients for a set of representative models: the fermionic seesaw mechanisms (type I and III), the Zee model, and a minimal leptoquark model. In each case, the Weinberg and the dipole operators have qualitatively different origins. In parallel, we present the model-independent constraints on the Wilson coefficients coming from various lepton observables. We then show that it becomes straightforward to understand the allowed parameter space for each model, and to discriminate between them. The Zee and leptoquark models are suitable to address the muon g − 2 anomaly.We also confront the models with the anomalies in the W-boson mass and semileptonic B-meson decays.

Ref HAL: hal-03380561_v1
Ref Arxiv: 2110.02945
Ref INSPIRE: 1939288
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2022)049
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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Within the context of top-down holography, we study a one-parameter family of regular background solutions of maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions, dimensionally reduced on a 2-torus. The dual, four-dimensional confining field theory realises the global (spontaneous as well as explicit) symmetry breaking pattern SO(5) → SO(4). We compute the complete mass spectrum for the fluctuations of the 128 bosonic degrees of freedom of the five-dimensional gravity theory, which correspond to scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector, and tensor bound states of the dual field theory, and includes particles with exotic SO(4) quantum numbers. We confirm the existence of tachyonic instabilities near the boundaries of the parameter space.We discuss the interplay between explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking. The SO(5)/SO(4) coset might provide a first step towards the realisation of a calculable framework and ultraviolet completion of minimal composite Higgs models, if the four pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons are identified with the real components of the Higgs doublet in the standard model (SM), and a subgroup of SO(4) with the SU(2) × U(1) SM gauge group. We exhibit an example with an additional localised boundary term that mimics the effect of a weakly-coupled external sector.

Ref HAL: hal-03351194_v1
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8112
WoS: WOS:000772464300015
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The bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is the membrane-embedded rotary molecular motor which turns the flagellum that provides thrust to many bacterial species. This large multimeric complex, composed of a few dozen constituent proteins, has emerged as a hallmark of dynamic subunit exchange. The stator units are inner-membrane ion channels which dynamically bind and unbind to the peptidoglycan at the rotor periphery, consuming the ion motive force (IMF) and applying torque to the rotor when bound. The dynamic exchange is known to be a function of the viscous load on the flagellum, allowing the bacterium to dynamically adapt to its local viscous environment, but the molecular mechanisms of exchange and mechanosensitivity remain to be revealed. Here, by actively perturbing the steady-state stator stoichiometry of individual motors, we reveal a stoichiometry-dependent asymmetry in stator remodeling kinetics. We interrogate the potential effect of next-neighbor interactions and local stator unit depletion and find that neither can explain the observed asymmetry. We then simulate and fit two mechanistically diverse models which recapitulate the asymmetry, finding stator assembly dynamics to be particularly well described by a two-state catch-bond mechanism.

Ref HAL: hal-03347966_v1
Ref Arxiv: 2109.02410
Ref INSPIRE: 1917540
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212001
WoS: 001020960500004
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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The cold and dense QCD equation of state (EoS) at high baryon chemical potential $\mu_B$ involves at order $\alpha^2_S$ an all-loop summation of the soft mode $m_E\sim \alpha_S^{1/2} \mu_B$ contributions. Recently, the complete soft contributions at order $\alpha^3_S$ were calculated, using the hard thermal loop (HTL) formalism. By identifying {\em massive} renormalization group (RG) properties within HTL, we resum to all orders $\alpha_S^p, p\ge 3$ the leading and next-to-leading logarithmic soft contributions. We obtain compact analytical expressions, that show visible deviations from the state-of-the art results, and noticeably reduced residual scale dependence. Our results should help to reduce uncertainties in extending the EoS in the intermediate $\mu_B$ regime, relevant in particular for the phenomenology of neutron stars.